Citric Acid
Citric acid is an organic acid which is weak in nature having chemical formula C6H8O7.
It is a natural preservative or conservative used to add acidic or sour taste to food and Drinks. The Structure for citric acid is shown as follows:
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As Reference to chemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, is citrate, which is important as an intermediate in citric acid cycle which occurs in metabolism of all aerobic organisms. It consists of 3 carboxyl(R-COOH) groups. The IUPAC name for citric acid is 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
Citric acid exists in variety of fruits and vegetables, but it is mostly occurs in lemons and limes.It can constitute as much as 8% of dry weight of citrus fruits. The concentration of citric acid in citrus fruit ranges from 0.005 mol/L for orange and grapefruits to 0.30mol/L in lemons and limes. within species these values vary depending on the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.
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Properties of Citric Acid
Citric Acid found in a white crystalline powder form at room
temperature. it can exists in anhydrous or as a monohydrate form. The anhydrous
form crystallizes from hot water, where as the monohydrate form is
obtained from crystallization of citric acid with cold water. The monohydrate
can be converted into anhydrous form by heating above 780C.
Citric acid also shares the properties of carboxylic acids when it
heated above 1750C; it decomposes through the loss of carbon dioxide
and water. Citric acids are slightly stronger than typical carboxylic acids.
Applications
The most common use for citric acid is, as a flavoring and
preservative in food and beverages especially in soft drinks.
Citric acid can be added to ice creams as a emulsifying agent to
keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization.
Citric acid is widely used as a pH adjusting agents in creams and
gels.
It also be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process
for developing photographic film.
It is used as an excellent chelating agent, binding metals. It is
used to remove lime scale from boilers and evaporators.
It can be used to soften water which makes it useful in soaps and
laundry detergents.
Market Overview
As the citric acid is the key player in food acidity regulatory
market, as its largely used in the beverage industry, which has also witnessed
growth on account of introduction of energy and drinks and exotic fruit
flavored drinks across the globe. As per the Market analysis China is the
largest player in this market followed by the U.S. due to excessive demand of
processed food products. In beverages industry as the citric acid is commonly
used in many soft drinks as a fruit flavored ingredient, the Market for such
drinks in U.S has expected a major growth in upcoming years. In Europe, Germany
is the largest market which is growing rapidly due to increased consumption of
processed food. In Rest of the World the Developing countries in Asia - Pacific
has also been growing steadily. As the Global Market for the products which use
citric acid as applicants has expected to reach $ 5.2 Billion by the year 2018
growing with a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 7.7%. Where Asia Pacific
regions seems to lead the market of Citric Acid.
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