Adjuvants Market in Agriculture by Global Trends and Forecasts to 2018.

An Adjuvant is a Latin word which means help other agents like pharmacological and immunological agents to modify their effects. Adjuvants are inorganic or organic chemicals, macromolecules or entire cells of some killed bacteria which helps to increase immune power and also used as antibodies. They may included in a vaccine to increase the immune power of recipient's immune response. Adjuvants are also used in the production of antibodies. Aluminum hydroxide and paraffin oil are the most commonly used elements included in most of the adjuvant. 

Types of Adjuvants

Following are the some of the types of the adjuvants:

Source:benchmarkbiolabs.com

• Inorganic compounds: alum, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, and Calcium phosphate hydroxide.
• Mineral oil : paraffin oil
• Bacterial products : Killed bacteria bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium bovis, toxiods
• Nonbacterial organics: squalene, thimorsal
• Cytokines : IL-1, IL-2, IL-12
• Delivery Systems: detergents
• Combination : Freund's complete adjuvants,Freund's incomplete adjuvant.

As adjuvants are inorganic or organic chemicals, they are also used in agricultural industry to enhance the production. Agricultural spray adjuvants are used with pesticides in order to increase the impact of the pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and other factors which controls unwanted pests. As the agricultural spray adjuvant are not themselves active in controlling or killing paste they use some property of the spray to improve the ability of pesticides and protect the target organisms. Adjuvant include surfactants, compatibility agents, anti foaming agents, spray colorants such as dyes and drift control agents. Adjuvants can be added to the agrichemical product at the time it is formulated by the manufacturer or by the applicator to the spray mix just prior to the treatment. Adjuvants used for numerous different reasons. it can potentially increase the efficacy of the pesticides being applied or reduce target implications.

According to market research report the industry in increasing rapidly due to agrochemicals. Adjuvants are also helps to revolutionizing this business of agrochemicals as a best tool for farmers to improve applications and achieve more cost effective and better targeted and environmentally acceptable pest control. Adjuvants are primarily used along with herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and fertilizers. So we can see a remarkable demand from various parts of the world such as Italy, U.S, France, Germany, Australia, Brazil, Canada, and India etc.

 Agricultural Adjuvants: Market Revenue, By geography, 2011-2018($Million)

Source: MarketsandMarkets Analysis    

According to Market research Analysis by MarketsandMarkets, the global agricultural adjuvant market valued at $2,173.7 million in 2012 and expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% to reach $2,963 million by 2018. Due to high tech agricultural practices and increasing awareness the Countries like Europe and North America are leads the agricultural adjuvant market. As in Asia Pacific and Latin America's agricultural adjuvant market is unnoticed but it has a great and  huge potential to grow further in the future. 

If you want's to know more about Adjuvant Market in Agricultural Industry follow the link below:

http://www.prweb.com/releases/adjuvants-market/09/prweb11125659.htm  

Global Proppant Market trends and Forecasts to 2017.

Proppant is a solid material, basically known as sand or man made ceramic materials, it is designed in a such a way that it can keep an induced hydraulic fracture open, during or following fracturing treatment. Hence a proppant act as "propping agent"- which is how it got its name. when proppant particles settle out of the fracturing fluid which transported them to fracture, they form a network of wire or thread that allows liberated oil and gas to flow through it on the way to the wellbore. The most common types of proppants are grains of silica and sand (raw or resin coated) and man made ceramic material.

The choice of which proppant to use is depends on many factors. Proppants have to deal with high pressure and temperatures and fluid water, oil and gas. the classical proppant selection factors are size, shape, strength and density.  

Source:jxkelley09.en.ec21.com

Proppant Shapes

Proppants shape impacts the final permeability of the proppant network in fracture. A wide range of particle sizes and shapes results into  tight packing arrangement, reducing conductivity. A narrow range  of sizes and spherical shape will lead to a greater conductivity.

Proppants Strength and Density

According to the depth of fracture the proppants needs to be strong. Proppants strength is depends on roundness, sphericity, size and density.

Types of Proppants
There are some types of proppants as :
Silica Sand Proppants

Silica sand is composed of weathered quartz, the natural minerals in Earth's continental crust. Unlike common sand which feels grainy to the touch, silica sand feels smoother as a result of the round spherical shape of the individual sand grains and narrow particle-size distribution. 

Ceramic Proppants

Ceramic proppants are evolved from either non metallurgical bauxite or kaolin clay to have relative high roundness, sphericity, and size that can with sand and very high levels of downhole pressure.

Resin coated Proppants
Coating a sand and ceramic proppant with resin serves several purposes as:

• To improve the proppant network effective strength by distributing the pressure load more uniformly.
• To trap pieces of proppant broken under the high downhole pressure, thus preventing the proppants from entering the borehole and compromising well productivity.
• To bond individual particles together when under the intense pressure and temperature of the fracture to minimize proppant flowback.

Proppants Applications

Hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industries to increase the flow of oil and gas from a well. The producing formation is a fracture open using hydraulic pressure and then proppants are pumped into the oil well with fracturing fluid to hold the fissures so that the natural gas or a crude oil can flow up the well. The proppant size, shape, and mechanical, strength influences the integrity of the newly created fractures, and therefore the flow of oil and gas out of the well. 

Market Analysis

As the hydraulic fracturing market is mostly concentrated in North America, hence the demand of proppant is high in North America. Since the hydraulic market in North America is reaching its maturity level, the rest of the World's market is still in its starting phase. Therefore it has a remarkable growth in proppant manufacturing. Many countries like China, Russia, Brazil and India exports proppants to North America. The export from China to North America has significantly greater and it is growing with high speed.   

According to Market research report By MarketsandMarkets, the global market for proppants is estimated at 24.4 million tons in 2012, and is expected to grow up to 43.8 million tons by 2017, at a CAGR of 12.4% from 2012 to 2017. 

To Know more visit the following link:

http://www.prweb.com/releases/proppant/market/prweb11379721.htm

Coal Bed Methane Market Analysis by 2021.

Coal Bed Methane :

Methane (CH₄) is the primary energy source of a natural gas. Coal bed methane (CBM) is simply methane found in coal seams. As coal bed methane is produced by non-traditional means, hence when it is sold and used the same as traditional natural gas. Coal bed methane (CBM) is generated either by thermal process as a result of increasing heat with depth of the coal or from a biological process as a result of microbial action.

Coal bed methane is a different from a typical sandstone or other conventional gas reservoir, as the methane is stored within the coal by process of adsorptions. Different from other natural gas reservoirs, coal bed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as propane or butane and no natural gas condensate. It often contains a few percent of carbon dioxide. 

The coal bed methane is recovered from un-mined coal seams for two primary reasons as:

• It may be necessary to drain the seams of as much methane as possible before mining takes place. This reduces the risk of explosion and migrates methane emissions to atmosphere once the process of extracting the coal begins.
• The methane may recovered for its energy production potential, regardless of weather the coal will actually be extracted.

On the basis of extraction of coal seam methane i.e. before, during, or after coal mining operations takes places coal seam methane is classified as :

Coal Bed Methane (CBM)

Coal Mine Methane (CMM) or

Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) .

Existence of Coal Bed Methane:  

The following image gives you the brief idea on the existence of  coal bed methane.

Source:waterquality.montana.edu 

According to the CBM Association of Alabama, 13% of land in the lower 48 United States contains coal under it, and some of this coal contains methane - either in the form of traditional natural gas or as coal bed methane. According to United States Geological Survey, the Rocky mountain region has large extent of coal deposits bearing an estimated 30-58 trillion cubic feet (TFC) of recoverable coal bed methane. Within the Rocky mountain region, non utilized source of coal bed methane exists in Powder river basin of Wyoming and Montana, the Greater Green River Basin of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah and Raton and San Juan Basins of Colorado and New Mexico.

We know that, Coal bed methane can be used as substitute for conventional natural gas, hence it is used in various consumer and industrial applications. The technology multistage hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling is widely used technology for production coal bed methane. Coal bed methane is used to heat homes, propel vehicles, generating electricity as feedstock in industries, such as manufacture of ethylene.

Source:en.wikipedia.org 

As the global annual increase of 1.73% in natural gas consumption the natural gas sector is growing. As per the Market research Report on coal bed methane market by MarketsandMarkets, the global CBM production is expected to grow from 3,654 billion cubic feet in 2011 to 5,150 billion cubic feet in 2021 at a CAGR of 3.5% for the same period. Between the period of 2016 to 2021, the CBM market is expected to grow at 5.8% and in case of individual country Russia is expected to grow at 34.6% China expected to grow 14.7% and Indonesia and Canada are grow at 14.9% and 11.1% respectively are expected to lead growth in this market segment.  

As Per the market review, Russia, China, U.S., Canada, Indonesia and Australia are the countries having largest coal bed market resources. And due to various technologies and resources this segment is expected a tremendous growth in the future.

To Know more about Coal Bed Methane Market visit the following link: 

http://pdfcast.org/pdf/coal-bed-methane-market-forecasts-2011-2021

Micro Combined Heat and Power Market Trends and Foerecast to 2016.

A Micro CHP system is nothing but the small power plant which provides all the power for an individual building; in terms of ventilation, air conditioning, mechanical  energy, electric power, and heating. It is a small version of combined heat and power which have been used with large scale electric power plants. Based on end -user, CHP is classified into following categories as: 

1. Industrial CHP
2. CHP with district heating
3. Combined cooling
4. Heating and Power
5. Mini CHP and
6. Micro CHP

The Purpose behind using Micro CHP system is to utilize more of the energy in the fuel. As the stem power plants which generates the electric power needed for modern life by burning fuel , are not very efficient due to this reasons the Micro CHP systems are used widely. As per the Carnot's  theorem, a heat engine cannot be 100% efficient; it cannot convert anywhere near all the all the heat in the fuel it burns into useful forms such as electricity. So heat engines always produces a surplus of low temperature waste heat known as "secondary heat" or "low grade heat". In Modern plants at most 40-67% of the energy is exhausted as waste heat, in past this energy was usually wasted to the environment. Due to Micro CHP system which were built in recent years in cold climate countries, utilize the waste heat produce by large power plants for heating.

In many cases Industrial CHP systems primarily generate electricity and heat is a by product where as in Micro CHP systems in homes or small commercial buildings are controlled by heat demands and electricity is a by product. To date,  Micro CHP systems are much popular as expected and thus more customers are attracted towards it. This system is efficient because the energy used is distributed and continuosly used over the electrical grid.

Micro CHP is mainly a substitute for traditional boiler which are used as heating systems in recidencial and small commercial buildings. As micro CHP units generate elecricity on the basis of KW power outputs these units acn be used in standalone or multi family homes, nursing homes, shops and restaurants. Thease units are Best suited for buildings that have ideal "heat sinks" such as swimming pools.The following image describes the applications of Micro CHP systems:

Source:www.energ-group.com 

Currently the countries like Japan and Germany witnessing micro CHP unit sales on a large scales. Japan leads the world micro CHP market with more than 80% share in annual global sales. The U.K and U.S. are also beginning to look to distributed energy resources such as micro CHP for their energy requrements. The other areas that have witnessed micro CHP development or research activity include The Netherlands, South Korea and Canada.

For more information visit the following link:
http://www.mediafire.com/view/ylf3xfosqfucmuj/Micro_Combined_Heat_&_Power_Market.pdf

Fuel Additives Market - Global Trends & Forecast to 2017

Fuel additives are compounds formulated to enhance the quality and efficiency of the fuels used in motor vehicles. The additives are mixed with fuel likes gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel. The additives are help the fuel to reduce the environmental pollution and improve engine or vehicles performance. In addition to these qualities, the fuel additives provides other services such as enhance combustion properties, reduction of corrosive effects, and develop different types of fuel mixtures requires for commercial, automotive, industrial and aviation sectors.

There are many different types of products.Common types of fuel additives include acetone, ether, nitrous oxide(nitrous), nitro methane(nitro), butyl rubber, ferox, oxyhydrogen, ferrous picrate, silicone and other anti-foaming agents, and tetranitromethane. Gasoline treatments, fuel injector cleaners, fuel injector treatments, octane boosters, diesel fuel treatments and water removers are also available. Additional categories of fuel additives include antioxidants, hybrid compound blends, oxygenates, fuel dyes, metal deactivators, and corrosion inhibitors.

Selecting fuel additives requires an understanding of product capabilities. Ether and other flammable hydrocarbons are used as starting fluids in hard-to-start diesel engines. Both nitrous oxide and nitromenthane are used in racing and other high performance applications. Fuel additives such as tetranitromethane can help to improve the combustion properties of diesel fuel. 

Fuel additives market is expecting an increase in demand due to increasing consumption of Ultra Lower Sulphur Diesel (USLD), which requires more dosing of additives. Though the gasoline consumption has spread world wide but nowadays an unleaded gasoline which is used requires more dosing dosing of additives than the regular gasoline. Also in aviation industry, better and improved aviation fuel also requires heavy dosing of additives.

The global market for fuel additive in terms of revenue was estimated to be worth $4,500 million in 2011and is expected to reach $6,401 million by 2017, growing at a CAGR of 6% from 2012 to 2017. North America was the major player in the fuel additive market with 29.4% of the fuel additives demand in 2011. If we talk about the growth of fuel additives, we seems that Asia-Pacific and Eastern Europe region has the best growth opportunities while North American and western European markets are expected a low amount of  growth. Moreover due to strong economic growth China will be the fastest growing country in global fuel additives market.

For more details follow the link below:
http://www.prweb.com/releases/fuel-additives/market/prweb10149116.htm

 

Engineering Plastics Market Analysis & Forecasts 2017.

A group of plastic materials which have better mechanical and thermal properties than the regularly used commodity plastics such as PVC, polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene are Known as "Engineering Plastics". Engineering Plastics are capable of high level performance in different types of environment. These Plastics are used to replace metals and glasses in many applications due to its light weight and high strength characteristics along with its superior mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. Engineering Plastics are easier to manufacture, especially in complicated shapes due to its above properties.

Since the cost of engineering plastics are more expensive, they are produced in small quantities and mostly used in smaller objects or low volume applications instead of high volume applications like packaging and containers. Engineering Plastics offers dimensional stability with high impact, temperature, flame and moisture resistance. Due to this different properties these Plastics are used in hundred numbers of various applications. The applications for engineering plastics are used in various industries like automotive, electrical and electrical components to medical, construction, industrial and various consumer applications.

The following are the some examples of engineering plastics :

1. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
2. Nylon 6
3. Nylon 6-6
4. Poly amides (PA)
5. Polycarbonates (PC)
6. Polyimides
7. Polysulphone(PSU)etc.                                                                                                                  

The global market for engineering plastic is presently experiencing the strong growth due to rising demand in its end-user applications, such as automotive, electrical and electronics are expected the high growth in the upcoming years. Since the applications in motor vehicles, constructions and medical products the growth in engineering market grasping the peak ascent. The global market for engineering plastics in terms of revenue was calculated to be worth $45.2 billion in 2011 and  is expected to reach $76.8 billion by 2017. 

Asia-Pacific and Europe have a commanding influence on engineering plastics market and both together has more than 70% of demand in 2011 in comparison to the global demand. As the automotive, electrical, and electronic appliances are still developing and expecting a tremendous growth in regions like Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe and South America are expecting a fastest growth for engineering plastics in the coming decades.

To Know more: Click Here