Biofertilizers is a substance with living microorganisms which when applied to soil, seeds, or plant surface to place internal structure of plant which helps to promote growth by providing primary nutrients to plants which
helps chemical fertilizers. Bio fertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of soil. These are nothing but the selected strains of useful soil microorganisms which are undergoes in laboratory with various process and then packed in different types of carrier. The bio-fertilizers can either be used for soil treatment or soil application. The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi, and algae.
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Biofertilizers are Eco friendly and cost effective than chemical fertilizers. The biofertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azetobacter, blue green algae are used from long ago in agriculture industry as a traditional fertilizer. Rhizobium are used for leguminous crops while Azetobacter can be used with crops like wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, and many other vegetable crops.
Types of Biofertilizers
Following are some of the types of biofertilizers :
1. Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers e.g. Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azo-spirillum and Azetobacter.
2. Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizers eg. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Aspergillus.
3. Phosphate mobilizing biofertilizers e.g. Mycorrhiza.
4. Plant growth promoting fertilizers. eg. Pseudomonas etc.
As Biofertilizers are obtained in living form it associate with plant roots. The microorganisms involved in biofertilizers convert complex organic materials into simple compounds which can easily taken by plants. Since the functioning of microorganisms takes very long time, it help in increasing fertility of soil. It increases yield of crop and prompt plant growth by replacing nitrogen and phosphorous by 25%. it also protect crops from soil born diseases and period of dry weather.
Applications of Biofertilizers
There are mainly three applications of biofertilizers which are commonly used.
1. Seed treatment or Seed inoculation:
In this method, the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers are mixed together in water. Then the seeds are dipped in this mixture and dried with the application of this paste and have to be swon as soon as possible before the seeds get damaged.
2. Soil Treatment:
All the Fertilizers along with the compost fertilizers are mixed together. They are kept for one night. Then the next day this mixture is spread on the soil where the seeds have to be swon.
3. Seedling root dip:
This method is generally applied to rice crop. A bed of water is spread on the land where the crop has to grown. The Seedlings of rice are planted in water and then kept it for eight to ten hours.
The global market for biofertilizers is dominated by nitrogen fixing biofertilizers sector in terms of revenue. The Market is consists of nitrogen fixing biofertilizers, phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizers, Phosphate mobilizing biofertilizers, and other biofertilizers like zinc and Sulphur solubilizing biofertilizers.
The global fertilizers market is dominated by European and Latin American countries. Asia and Pacific is fastest growing region for this market in terms of revenue.
As the peoples all over the world are aware about organic food products, and various governments are also supporting organic food products the demand for biofertilizers are increasing day by day. Also there is proportion-able growth in demand and production, the rate of production for biofertilizers also increased.
According to market research analysis, the global market for biofertilizers in terms of a revenue was estimated to be worth around $5,013.1 million in 2011 and its expected to reach $ 10, 298.5 million in 2017.
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