Coal Bed Methane :
Methane (CH4) is the primary energy source of a natural gas. Coal bed methane (CBM) is simply methane found in coal seams. As coal bed methane is produced by non-traditional means, hence when it is sold and used the same as traditional natural gas. Coal bed methane (CBM) is generated either by thermal process as a result of increasing heat with depth of the coal or from a biological process as a result of microbial action.
Coal bed methane is a different from a typical sandstone or other conventional gas reservoir, as the methane is stored within the coal by process of adsorptions. Different from other natural gas reservoirs, coal bed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as propane or butane and no natural gas condensate. It often contains a few percent of carbon dioxide.
The coal bed methane is recovered from un-mined coal seams for two primary reasons as:
- It may be necessary to drain the seams of as much methane as possible before mining takes place. This reduces the risk of explosion and migrates methane emissions to atmosphere once the process of extracting the coal begins.
- The methane may recovered for its energy production potential, regardless of weather the coal will actually be extracted.
On the basis of extraction of coal seam methane i.e. before, during, or after coal mining operations takes places coal seam methane is classified as :
Coal Bed Methane (CBM)
Coal Mine Methane (CMM) or
Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) .
Existence of Coal Bed Methane:
The following image gives you the brief idea on the existence of coal bed methane.
| Source:waterquality.montana.edu |
According to the CBM Association of Alabama, 13% of land in the lower 48 United States contains coal under it, and some of this coal contains methane - either in the form of traditional natural gas or as coal bed methane. According to United States Geological Survey, the Rocky mountain region has large extent of coal deposits bearing an estimated 30-58 trillion cubic feet (TFC) of recoverable coal bed methane. Within the Rocky mountain region, non utilized source of coal bed methane exists in Powder river basin of Wyoming and Montana, the Greater Green River Basin of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah and Raton and San Juan Basins of Colorado and New Mexico.
We know that, Coal bed methane can be used as substitute for conventional natural gas, hence it is used in various consumer and industrial applications. The technology multistage hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling is widely used technology for production coal bed methane. Coal bed methane is used to heat homes, propel vehicles, generating electricity as feedstock in industries, such as manufacture of ethylene.
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| Source:en.wikipedia.org |
As the global annual increase of 1.73% in natural gas consumption the natural gas sector is growing. As per the Market research Report on coal bed methane market by MarketsandMarkets, the global CBM production is expected to grow from 3,654 billion cubic feet in 2011 to 5,150 billion cubic feet in 2021 at a CAGR of 3.5% for the same period. Between the period of 2016 to 2021, the CBM market is expected to grow at 5.8% and in case of individual country Russia is expected to grow at 34.6% China expected to grow 14.7% and Indonesia and Canada are grow at 14.9% and 11.1% respectively are expected to lead growth in this market segment.
As Per the market review, Russia, China, U.S., Canada, Indonesia and Australia are the countries having largest coal bed market resources. And due to various technologies and resources this segment is expected a tremendous growth in the future.
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